Handwritten on the back, "Russian section of seats." Photo shows the rows in the audience at the War Memorial Opera House where the Russian delegation sat during the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference. Andrei Gromyko, the Russian Deputy Foreign Minister, is sitting in the first row of the delegation seats with two other men. In the row behind him are more male members of the delegation. And in the third row are the delegations secretarys. [Information provided by "The Oakland Tribune" Sept. 2-9, 1951] The Japanese Peace Treaty Conference was held at the War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco September 4-8, 1951. In 1945, the Opera House was also the place where the United Nations had come into existence. A total of 51 countries participated in this conference. The treaty officially ended the war with Japan started when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941. Some of the provisions of the treaty were: to end American occupation of Japan, make Japan pay some reparations for the war, and force it to comply with the peaceful wishes of other countries. The treaty allowed Japan to join the United Nations and rearm to a certain extent. Negotiations for the treaty had been going on for eleven months with John Foster Dulles as the primary force behind the negotions. Not all the countries participating were happy about the treaty. Some felt that Japan should be forced to pay reparations that were larger and should pay them immediately. The communists nations, primarily the Soviet Union, were not happy about the treaty as well, and the fact that they were not involved in the negotiations. They vowed even before the conference opened to cause as much trouble as possible. After some squabbling, primarily by the Communist countries, and after those countries offically walked out of the conference, the treaty was signed on September 8 by the remaining nations.